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Depression, Women and Creativity

by Douglas Eby

Although there may not be any inherent connection, mood disorders often impact creative expression.

About 1 percent of the general population suffer from manic-depression (bipolar disorder) and 5 percent from major depression during their lifetime. But the incidence for women is twice as high or more; as many as one in five American women has a history of depression.

Kay Redfield Jamison notes in her book "Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament" that "To assume that such diseases usually promote artistic talent wrongly reinforces simplistic notions of the 'mad genius.' ...

"All the same, recent studies indicate that a high number of established artists meet the diagnostic criteria for depression... In fact, it seems that these diseases can sometimes enhance or otherwise contribute to creativity."

Mood disorders may start early in life, perhaps especially for women. Author and consultant C. Diane Ealy, Ph.D., in her book "The Woman's Book of Creativity" writes, "Many studies have shown us that a young girl's ideas are frequently discounted by her peers and teachers.

"In response, she stifles her creativity... perhaps the most insidious and common manifestation of repressed creativity in women is depression."

Consultant, writer and educator Annemarie Roeper affirms that "giftedness can be both a positive and a negative force. It is a burden when it has no channel for expression and it is not understood... Unsupportive environments can lead to depression, to the suppression of one's abilities, even to feelings of desperation that could become self-destructive." (Advanced Development Journal, 1991)

Mary Rocamora, who counsels multi-talented people, and heads The Rocamora School in Los Angeles (which provides awareness training classes for gifted and talented adults) says "those who are passionately engaged with their talent but are constantly separated from the creative experience by relentless self-criticism, self-doubt, and feelings of inferiority often suffer from depression and the periodic shutting down of their spontaneous creative impulses.

"The drive to express their inner creativity is heightened in many gifted individuals, and when the drive to create meets the wall of shame, it implodes into numbness, rage, depression, and hopelessness."

She also notes that it is well known among researchers of the gifted, talented and creative that these individuals "exhibit greater intensity and increased levels of emotional, imaginational, intellectual, sensual and psychomotor excitability, and that this is a normal pattern of development."

Dr. Linda Silverman, Director of the Institute for the Study of Advanced Development in Denver, has also cautioned that this higher level of excitability and intensity may be perceived and misdiagnosed as manic depression.

Prominent historical women in the arts who have reportedly experienced some form of depressive illness include Isak Dinesen, Mary Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf, Emily Dickinson, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, and Georgia O'Keeffe.

According to Pendulum, a support group for people with manic depression, their friends and families (http://www.pendulum.org/), a list of contemporary women who have declared publicly that they have experienced depression includes Rosemary Clooney, Patty Duke, Connie Francis, Kaye Gibbons, Kristy McNichol, Kate Millett, Jeannie C. Riley, Sheryl Crow, Mariette Hartley, Dolly Parton, Bonnie Raitt, Roseanne, and Jessica Lange.

Margot Kidder, renowned for her role as Lois Lane in four "Superman" movies, has been candid about her "mood swings that could knock over a building."

She has said she's had to battle "the demons" of mental illness throughout her adult life. Just before her disappearance last spring, and an episode of living as a homeless person in downtown Los Angeles, she had been working on her memoirs, titled "Calamities", for 10 to 12 hours a day.

Kidder said "It's very hard to convince a manic person that there is anything wrong with them." She has since been getting treatment, including medication, and receiving a great deal of support from her family and the public, and has returned to work, both as a writer and actress.

Dealing with depression and its causes may take tremendous strength and courage. In her new book "Remarkable Women - Perspectives on Female Talent Development" psychologist Kathleen Noble writes about the need for resilience "to overcome the constraints that have thwarted the expression of female giftedness.

"For gifted women who seek to overturn the psychosocial, religious, and historical forces that limit all women's potential as persons and citizens, resilience is essential, however arduous its achievement might be.

"Resilience is a trifold process of recognizing and resisting the intrinsic and extrinsic obstacles that inhibit the development of one's potential and taking responsibility for the evolution of ourselves, our cultures, and our world."

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Douglas Eby writes about creative growth and talent development, especially related to gifted women. He has written for New Perspectives - A Journal of Conscious Living; Mensa Bulletin, and other magazines, and has an MA in Psychology.

See his Women & Talent site at: www.womenandtalent.com

   Related related articles by Douglas Eby:
Depression and Creativity
Making Good Use of Depression
Creativity and Depression

 


-----Selected books
 

Andy Behrman. Electroboy : A Memoir of Mania

David Burns. The Feeling Good Handbook 
"Dr. David Burns is one of the prime developers of cognitive therapy, a fast-acting, drug-free treatment designed to help the clinically depressed. ... [the book] is filled with charts, quizzes, weekly self-assessment tests, and a daily mood log, ... actively engages its readers in their own recovery." [amazon.com review]

Patty Duke. A Brilliant Madness  [on her experiences with bipolar disorder] 

Dennis Greenberger, Christine A. Padesky. Mind Over Mood

D. Jablow Hershman. Manic Depression and Creativity

Kay Redfield Jamison. Touched With Fire - Manic Depressive Illnes & the Artistic Temperament

Eric Maisel, PhD. The Van Gogh Blues - The Creative Person's Path Through Depression

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